Resumo Neste estudo, compósitos de MnO2-levedura de pão, produzidos pela oxidação direta da levedura com KMnO4 sob condições ácidas, foram usados como biossorvente para remover o corante trifenilmetano verde Malaquita (VM) de solução aquosa. Os parâmetros que influenciam o processo de adsorção tais como pH, tempo de contato, temperatura, concentração inicial do corante e concentração do biossorvente foram avaliados em experimentos de bancada. As condições ótimas de descoloração foram observadas em pH 10 e concentração de biomassa igual a 1,0 g L-1. Os resultados de remoção do corante foram ajustados ao modelo cinético de pseudo segunda ordem. O processo de adsorção foi descrito pelo modelo isotérmico de Langmuir e a capacidade máxima de biossorção foi estimada em 243,9 mg g-1 (na temperatura de 25°C). Os valores negativos de ∆G° e valores positivos de ∆H° indicaram que a biossorção do VM pelo compósito MnO2-levedura é espontâneo e endotérmico. A técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier indicou que nanopartículas de MnO2 depositadas na superfície do compósito MnO2-levedura facilitaram a adsorção do VM. Concluiu-se que o compósito MnO2-levedura de pão possui potencial para ser usado como adsorvente na remoção de VM de solução aquosa.

Abstract In this study, baker’s yeast-MnO2 composites, produced by direct oxidation of yeast with KMnO4 under acidic conditions, were used as biosorbent to remove the triphenylmethane dye Malachite green (MG) from an aqueous solution. Parameters that influence the adsorption process, such as pH, contact time, temperature, initial dye concentration and biosorbent dosage, were evaluated in batch experiments. The optimum removal of MG was found to be 86.7 mg g-1 at pH 10, 1.0 g L-1 of biomass dosage and 45°C. The kinetic data of dye removal was better described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum biosorption capacity was estimated to be 243.9 mg g-1 (at 25°C). The negative values of ∆G° and the positive value of ∆H° indicated that the MG biosorption onto yeast-MnO2 composites is spontaneous and endothermic. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the nano-MnO2 particles deposited on yeast-MnO2 composites surface facilitated the MG adsorption. It was concluded that baker’s yeast-MnO2 composites have potential for application as adsorbent for removal of MG from aqueous solution.

The present study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of the Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler, Combretaceae, flowers extract (ClEtOH) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were divided into four groups: diabetic control, diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg of metformin and diabetic treated with 250 or 500 mg/kg of ClEtOH for 21 days. The treatment of diabetic rats with 500 mg/kg of ClEtOH promoted an increase in the weight of liver, white adipose tissues and skeletal muscles, improving body weight gain. Diabetic rats treated with 500 mg/kg of ClEtOH also presented reduction in glycemia, glycosuria and urinary urea levels, and increase in liver glycogen content. HPLC chromatogram showed that quercetin is the major compound in the extract. The phosphorylation levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase were increased in liver slices incubated in vitro with 50 µg/mL of ClEtOH, similarly to the incubation with metformin (50 µg/mL) or quercetin (10 µg/mL). The antihyperglycemic effect of ClEtOH was similar to that of metformin and appears to be through inhibition of gluconeogenesis, since urinary urea was reduced and skeletal muscle mass was increased. These data indicate that the antidiabetic activity of the Combretum lanceolatum extract could be mediated, at least in part, through activation of adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase by quercetin.